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chisel — Fast TCP/UDP tunnel over HTTP with SSH encryption, supporting reverse port forwarding, SOCKS5 proxy, and client authentication for secure network traversal and firewall evasion. | Kitploit
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GitHubjpillora/chisel

chisel

Fast TCP/UDP tunnel over HTTP with SSH encryption, supporting reverse port forwarding, SOCKS5 proxy, and client authentication for secure network traversal and firewall evasion.

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Chisel

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Chisel is a fast TCP/UDP tunnel, transported over HTTP, secured via SSH. Single executable including both client and server. Written in Go (golang). Chisel is mainly useful for passing through firewalls, though it can also be used to provide a secure endpoint into your network.

overview

Table of Contents

  • Features
  • Install
  • Demo
  • Usage
  • Contributing
  • Changelog
  • License

Features

  • Easy to use
  • Performant*
  • Encrypted connections using the SSH protocol (via crypto/ssh)
  • Authenticated connections; authenticated client connections with a users config file, authenticated server connections with fingerprint matching.
  • Client auto-reconnects with exponential backoff (tunable via --min/max-retry-interval); keepalive pings time out, so silently dead connections (sleep/wake, NAT timeouts, server restarts) are detected and re-established
  • Clients can create multiple tunnel endpoints over one TCP connection
  • Clients can optionally pass through SOCKS or HTTP CONNECT proxies
  • Reverse port forwarding (Connections go through the server and out the client)
  • Server optionally doubles as a reverse proxy
  • Server optionally allows SOCKS5 connections (See guide below)
  • Clients optionally allow SOCKS5 connections from a reversed port forward
  • Client connections over stdio which supports ssh -o ProxyCommand providing SSH over HTTP
  • Install

    Binaries

    Releases Releases

    See the latest release or download and install it now with curl https://i.jpillora.com/chisel! | bash

    Binaries are built with the latest Go release, which sets the minimum OS versions: Windows 10 / Server 2016, macOS 12, Linux kernel 3.2, FreeBSD 12.2. For older systems (e.g. Windows 7), use release v1.8.1 or earlier.

    Docker

    Docker Pulls Image Size

    root@kitploit:~
    docker run --rm -it jpillora/chisel --help
    

    Images are multi-arch and published to both Docker Hub (jpillora/chisel) and GitHub Container Registry (ghcr.io/jpillora/chisel).

    Fedora

    The package is maintained by the Fedora community. If you encounter issues related to the usage of the RPM, please use this issue tracker.

    root@kitploit:~
    sudo dnf -y install chisel
    

    Source

    root@kitploit:~
    $ go install github.com/jpillora/chisel@latest
    

    Demo

    You can run your own demo server in minutes (the old Heroku demo went away with Heroku's free tier). example/fly.toml deploys this chisel server to fly.io's free allowance:

    root@kitploit:~
    $ chisel server --port $PORT --backend http://example.com
    # listens on $PORT, proxies normal web requests to http://example.com
    

    Deploy it with fly launch --copy-config from the example/ directory, then tunnel to any service running beside the server, e.g.:

    root@kitploit:~
    $ chisel client https://<your-app>.fly.dev 3000
    # connects to your chisel server,
    # tunnels your localhost:3000 to the server's localhost:3000
    

    Visiting your app's URL in a browser hits the server's default backend proxy and shows a copy of example.com.

    Usage

    root@kitploit:~
    $ chisel --help
    
      Usage: chisel [command] [--help]
    
      Version: X.Y.Z
    
      Commands:
        server - runs chisel in server mode
        client - runs chisel in client mode
    
      Read more:
        https://github.com/jpillora/chisel
    
    
    root@kitploit:~
    $ chisel server --help
    
      Usage: chisel server [options]
    
      Options:
    
        --host, Defines the HTTP listening host – the network interface
        (defaults the environment variable HOST and falls back to 0.0.0.0).
    
        --port, -p, Defines the HTTP listening port (defaults to the environment
        variable PORT and falls back to port 8080).
    
        --key, (deprecated use --keygen and --keyfile instead)
        An optional string to seed the generation of a ECDSA public
        and private key pair. All communications will be secured using this
        key pair. Share the subsequent fingerprint with clients to enable detection
        of man-in-the-middle attacks (defaults to the CHISEL_KEY environment
        variable, otherwise a new key is generate each run).
    
        --keygen, A path to write a newly generated PEM-encoded SSH private key file.
        If users depend on your --key fingerprint, you may also include your --key to
        output your existing key. Use - (dash) to output the generated key to stdout.
    
        --keyfile, An optional path to a PEM-encoded SSH private key. When
        this flag is set, the --key option is ignored, and the provided private key
        is used to secure all communications. (defaults to the CHISEL_KEY_FILE
        environment variable). Since ECDSA keys are short, you may also set keyfile
        to the inline key string itself, exactly as printed by --keygen (a base64
        string with a "ck-" prefix); no extra base64 encoding is needed.
    
        --authfile, An optional path to a users.json file. This file should
        be an object with users defined like:
          {
            "<user:pass>": ["<addr-regex>","<addr-regex>"]
          }
        when <user> connects, their <pass> will be verified and then
        each of the remote addresses will be compared against the list
        of address regular expressions for a match. Patterns are NOT
        anchored by default: "10.0.0.1:80" also matches
        "210.0.0.1:8080", and "." matches any character. Anchor your
        patterns, e.g. "^10\.0\.0\.1:80$". The empty string ""
        matches every address. Addresses will
        always come in the form "<remote-host>:<remote-port>" for normal remotes,
        "R:<local-interface>:<local-port>" for reverse port forwarding
        remotes, and "socks" for SOCKS5 proxy access. Note that SOCKS5
        access previously bypassed this list; existing authfiles which
        should allow SOCKS5 must add an entry matching "socks" (the
        empty wildcard "" matches everything, including "socks"). This
        file will be automatically reloaded on change. Reloads apply
        to new connections and to new tunnels of connected clients;
        established tunnels are not interrupted.
    
        --auth, An optional string representing a single user with full
        access, in the form of <user:pass>. It is equivalent to creating an
        authfile with {"<user:pass>": [""]}. If unset, it will use the
        environment variable AUTH.
    
        --keepalive, An optional keepalive interval. Since the underlying
        transport is HTTP, in many instances we'll be traversing through
        proxies, often these proxies will close idle connections. You must
        specify a time with a unit, for example '5s' or '2m'. Defaults
        to '25s' (set to 0s to disable).
    
        --backend, Specifies another HTTP server to proxy requests to when
        chisel receives a normal HTTP request. Useful for hiding chisel in
        plain sight. --proxy is accepted as an alias for this flag.
    
        --socks5, Allow clients to access the internal SOCKS5 proxy. See
        chisel client --help for more information.
    
        --reverse, Allow clients to specify reverse port forwarding remotes
        in addition to normal remotes.
    
        --tls-key, Enables TLS and provides optional path to a PEM-encoded
        TLS private key. When this flag is set, you must also set --tls-cert,
        and you cannot set --tls-domain.
    
        --tls-cert, Enables TLS and provides optional path to a PEM-encoded
        TLS certificate. When this flag is set, you must also set --tls-key,
        and you cannot set --tls-domain.
    
        --tls-domain, Enables TLS and automatically acquires a TLS key and
        certificate using LetsEncrypt. Setting --tls-domain requires port 443.
        You may specify multiple --tls-domain flags to serve multiple domains.
        The resulting files are cached in the "$HOME/.cache/chisel" directory.
        You can modify this path by setting the CHISEL_LE_CACHE variable,
        or disable caching by setting this variable to "-". You can optionally
        provide a certificate notification email by setting CHISEL_LE_EMAIL.
    
        --tls-ca, a path to a PEM encoded CA certificate bundle or a directory
        holding multiple PEM encode CA certificate bundle files, which is used to 
        validate client connections. The provided CA certificates will be used 
        instead of the system roots. This is commonly used to implement mutual-TLS. 
    
        --pid Generate pid file in current working directory
    
        -v, Enable verbose logging
    
        --help, This help text
    
      Signals:
        The chisel process is listening for:
          a SIGINT or SIGTERM to begin a graceful shutdown
            (a second signal forces an immediate exit),
          a SIGUSR2 to print process stats, and
          a SIGHUP to short-circuit the client reconnect timer
    
      Version:
        X.Y.Z
    
      Read more:
        https://github.com/jpillora/chisel
    
    
    root@kitploit:~
    $ chisel client --help
    
      Usage: chisel client [options] <server> <remote> [remote] [remote] ...
    
      <server> is the URL to the chisel server.
    
      <remote>s are remote connections tunneled through the server, each of
      which come in the form:
    
        <local-host>:<local-port>:<remote-host>:<remote-port>/<protocol>
    
        ■ local-host defaults to 0.0.0.0 (all interfaces).
        ■ local-port defaults to remote-port.
        ■ remote-port is required*.
        ■ remote-host defaults to 127.0.0.1 (server localhost).
        ■ protocol defaults to tcp.
    
      which shares <remote-host>:<remote-port> from the server to the client
      as <local-host>:<local-port>, or:
    
        R:<local-interface>:<local-port>:<remote-host>:<remote-port>/<protocol>
    
      which does reverse port forwarding, sharing <remote-host>:<remote-port>
      from the client to the server's <local-interface>:<local-port>.
    
        example remotes
    
          3000
          example.com:3000
          3000:google.com:80
          192.168.0.5:3000:google.com:80
          socks
          5000:socks
          R:2222:localhost:22
          R:socks
          R:5000:socks
          stdio:example.com:22
          1.1.1.1:53/udp
    
        When the chisel server has --socks5 enabled, remotes can
        specify "socks" in place of remote-host and remote-port.
        The default local host and port for a "socks" remote is
        127.0.0.1:1080. Connections to this remote will terminate
        at the server's internal SOCKS5 proxy. When the server also
        has --authfile set, SOCKS5 access requires an entry matching
        the token "socks" in the user's address list.
    
        When the chisel server has --reverse enabled, remotes can
        be prefixed with R to denote that they are reversed. That
        is, the server will listen and accept connections, and they
        will be proxied through the client which specified the remote.
        Reverse remotes specifying "R:socks" will listen on the server's
        default socks port (1080) and terminate the connection at the
        client's internal SOCKS5 proxy.
    
        When stdio is used as local-host, the tunnel will connect standard
        input/output of this program with the remote. This is useful when 
        combined with ssh ProxyCommand. You can use
          ssh -o ProxyCommand='chisel client chiselserver stdio:%h:%p' \
              [email protected]
        to connect to an SSH server through the tunnel.
    
      Options:
    
        --fingerprint, A *strongly recommended* fingerprint string
        to perform host-key validation against the server's public key.
        Fingerprint mismatches will close the connection.
        Fingerprints are generated by hashing the ECDSA public key using
        SHA256 and encoding the result in base64.
        Fingerprints must be 44 characters containing a trailing equals (=).
        Legacy MD5 colon fingerprints (deprecated) are still accepted,
        but only in their full 16-octet form; truncated prefixes are
        rejected.
    
        --auth, An optional username and password (client authentication)
        in the form: "<user>:<pass>". These credentials are compared to
        the credentials inside the server's --authfile. defaults to the
        AUTH environment variable.
    
        --keepalive, An optional keepalive interval. Since the underlying
        transport is HTTP, in many instances we'll be traversing through
        proxies, often these proxies will close idle connections. You must
        specify a time with a unit, for example '5s' or '2m'. Defaults
        to '25s' (set to 0s to disable).
    
        --max-retry-count, Maximum number of times to retry before exiting.
        Defaults to unlimited.
    
        --min-retry-interval, Minimum wait time before retrying after a
        disconnection. Defaults to 1 second.
    
        --max-retry-interval, Maximum wait time before retrying after a
        disconnection. Defaults to 5 minutes.
    
        --proxy, An optional HTTP CONNECT or SOCKS5 proxy which will be
        used to reach the chisel server. Authentication can be specified
        inside the URL. Credentials must be URL-encoded; for example a
        "#" in the password must be written as "%23".
        For example, http://admin:[email protected]:8081
                or: socks://admin:[email protected]:1080
        The socks://, socks5:// and socks5h:// schemes are equivalent:
        DNS is always resolved by the proxy.
    
        --header, Set a custom header in the form "HeaderName: HeaderContent".
        Can be used multiple times. (e.g --header "Foo: Bar" --header "Hello: World")
    
        --hostname, Optionally set the 'Host' header (defaults to the host
        found in the server url).
    
        --sni, Override the ServerName when using TLS (defaults to the 
        hostname).
    
        --tls-ca, An optional root certificate bundle used to verify the
        chisel server. Only valid when connecting to the server with
        "https" or "wss". By default, the operating system CAs will be used.
    
        --tls-skip-verify, Skip server TLS certificate verification of
        chain and host name (if TLS is used for transport connections to
        server). If set, client accepts any TLS certificate presented by
        the server and any host name in that certificate. This only affects
        transport https (wss) connection. Chisel server's public key
        may be still verified (see --fingerprint) after inner connection
        is established.
    
        --tls-key, a path to a PEM encoded private key used for client 
        authentication (mutual-TLS).
    
        --tls-cert, a path to a PEM encoded certificate matching the provided 
        private key. The certificate must have client authentication 
        enabled (mutual-TLS).
    
        --pid Generate pid file in current working directory
    
        -v, Enable verbose logging
    
        --help, This help text
    
      Signals:
        The chisel process is listening for:
          a SIGINT or SIGTERM to begin a graceful shutdown
            (a second signal forces an immediate exit),
          a SIGUSR2 to print process stats, and
          a SIGHUP to short-circuit the client reconnect timer
    
      Version:
        X.Y.Z
    
      Read more:
        https://github.com/jpillora/chisel
    
    

    Security

    Encryption is always enabled. When you start up a chisel server, it will generate an in-memory ECDSA public/private key pair. The public key fingerprint (base64 encoded SHA256) will be displayed as the server starts. Instead of generating a random key, the server may optionally specify a key file, using the --keyfile option. When clients connect, they will also display the server's public key fingerprint. The client can force a particular fingerprint using the --fingerprint option. Legacy MD5 fingerprints are still accepted but must be the full 16-octet colon form — truncated prefixes are rejected. See the --help above for more information.

    The server also caps inbound websocket message sizes before authentication (CHISEL_WS_READ_LIMIT, default 512 KiB), so unauthenticated peers cannot exhaust memory with oversized messages. The default sits comfortably above x/crypto/ssh's 256 KiB maximum transport packet, so no valid SSH packet is ever rejected. Only 0 disables the limit; negative values fall back to the safe default.

    Authentication

    Using the --authfile option, the server may optionally provide a user.json configuration file to create a list of accepted users. The client then authenticates using the --auth option. See users.json for an example authentication configuration file. See the --help above for more information.

    Notes on authfile behavior:

    • The file is watched and reloaded live — including editor saves via rename (vim) and kubernetes configmap updates. Reloads apply to new connections and to new tunnels of already-connected clients; removed users lose access to new tunnels immediately, though established tunnels are not interrupted.
    • Address patterns are regular expressions and are not anchored — anchor them with ^ and $ (the server warns about unanchored patterns at load). The empty string "" matches everything.
    • SOCKS5 access is controlled by an entry matching the token socks. Breaking: SOCKS5 previously bypassed the authfile entirely; servers running --socks5 with --authfile must grant socks to users who should keep proxy access (wildcard "" entries keep working).
    • Auth strings without a colon (user:pass) are now a fatal startup error on both server and client — previously they silently disabled authentication.
    • The --auth user survives authfile reloads and wins name clashes with file users.

    Internally, this is done using the Password authentication method provided by SSH. Learn more about crypto/ssh here http://blog.gopheracademy.com/go-and-ssh/. Session opens/closes (with user, source address and remotes) and failed login attempts are logged at info level.

    TLS Guide

    The simplest secure setup is --tls-domain, which provisions a LetsEncrypt certificate automatically (requires port 443 and a DNS record pointing at the server):

    root@kitploit:~
    chisel server --port 443 --tls-domain chisel.example.com --auth user:pass
    chisel client --auth user:pass https://chisel.example.com R:2222:localhost:22
    

    To use your own certificate (self-signed or internal CA), generate a key/cert pair and point both sides at the right files:

    root@kitploit:~
    chisel server --port 443 --tls-key key.pem --tls-cert cert.pem
    chisel client --tls-ca ca.pem https://chisel.example.com 3000
    

    For mutual TLS, also pass --tls-ca to the server and --tls-cert/--tls-key to each client. Note that TLS wraps chisel's transport from the outside; the inner SSH layer still encrypts and authenticates, so --fingerprint validation works with or without TLS.

    SOCKS5 Guide with Docker

    1. Print a new private key to the terminal

      root@kitploit:~
      chisel server --keygen -
      # or save it to disk --keygen /path/to/mykey
      
    2. Start your chisel server

      root@kitploit:~
      jpillora/chisel server --keyfile '<ck-base64 string or file path>' -p 9312 --socks5
      
    3. Connect your chisel client (using server's fingerprint)

      root@kitploit:~
      chisel client --fingerprint '<see server output>' <server-address>:9312 socks
      
    4. Point your SOCKS5 clients (e.g. OS/Browser) to:

      root@kitploit:~
      <client-address>:1080
      
    5. Now you have an encrypted, authenticated SOCKS5 connection over HTTP

    Note: if the server also uses --authfile, users need an entry matching the token socks to use the proxy (see Authentication).

    Reverse SOCKS with an Authfile

    To let a specific client act as a SOCKS exit node, grant it the reverse-socks listener address (R:socks listens on the server's 127.0.0.1:1080):

    root@kitploit:~
    {
      "exituser:password": ["^R:127\\.0\\.0\\.1:1080$"]
    }
    
    root@kitploit:~
    chisel server --reverse --authfile users.json
    chisel client --auth exituser:password <server-address> R:socks
    # server-side consumers point SOCKS5 clients at 127.0.0.1:1080,
    # and their traffic exits via the chisel client's network
    

    See also the step-by-step reverse tunneling example.

    Running behind a CDN (Cloudflare)

    chisel works through CDNs that support WebSockets. For Cloudflare: enable WebSockets, proxy (orange-cloud) the DNS record, and connect clients with https://. The CDN terminates TLS, but the inner SSH layer means --fingerprint validation still authenticates your chisel server end-to-end — the CDN cannot read or modify tunneled traffic. Keep --keepalive at its 25s default to stay under CDN idle timeouts, and note that proxies which strip Upgrade headers cannot carry chisel at all.

    Tuning with environment variables

    Less common knobs are environment variables, all read with a CHISEL_ prefix (e.g. CHISEL_WS_TIMEOUT=10s):

    VariableSideDefaultPurpose
    WS_TIMEOUTclient45swebsocket handshake timeout
    SSH_TIMEOUTclient30sssh handshake timeout
    CONFIG_TIMEOUTserver10swait for the client's config request
    SSH_WAITboth35show long new tunnels wait for an active connection
    PING_TIMEOUTbothkeepalive intervalkeepalive ping reply timeout (no pings if --keepalive 0)
    DIAL_TIMEOUTexit node30stcp dial timeout for tunnel targets
    WS_READ_LIMITboth524288max inbound websocket message bytes (0 = no limit; negative = default)
    WS_BUFF_SIZEbothgo defaultwebsocket read/write buffer sizes
    UDP_MAX_SIZEboth9012max udp packet bytes
    UDP_DEADLINEexit node15sudp flow read deadline and idle-sweep age
    UDP_MAX_CONNSexit node100max concurrent udp flows per tunnel
    SHUTDOWN_GRACEserver5shttp request drain time on shutdown

    HOST, PORT, AUTH, and CHISEL_KEY/CHISEL_KEY_FILE are documented in the --help texts above.

    Caveats

    Since WebSockets support is required:

    • IaaS providers all will support WebSockets (unless an unsupporting HTTP proxy has been forced in front of you, in which case I'd argue that you've been downgraded to PaaS)
    • PaaS providers vary in their support for WebSockets
      • Heroku has full support
      • Openshift has full support though connections are only accepted on ports 8443 and 8080
      • Google App Engine standard has no support (the flexible environment does)

    Contributing

    • http://golang.org/doc/code.html
    • http://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html
    • github.com/jpillora/chisel/share contains the shared package
    • github.com/jpillora/chisel/server contains the server package
    • github.com/jpillora/chisel/client contains the client package

    Changelog

    • 1.0 - Initial release
    • 1.1 - Replaced simple symmetric encryption for ECDSA SSH
    • 1.2 - Added SOCKS5 (server) and HTTP CONNECT (client) support
    • 1.3 - Added reverse tunnelling support
    • 1.4 - Added arbitrary HTTP header support
    • 1.5 - Added reverse SOCKS support (by @aus)
    • 1.6 - Added client stdio support (by @BoleynSu)
    • 1.7 - Added UDP support
    • 1.8 - Move to a scratchDocker image
    • 1.9 - Bump to Go 1.21. Switch from --key seed to P256 key strings with --key{gen,file} (by @cmenginnz)
    • 1.10 - Bump to Go 1.22. Add .rpm .deb and .apk to releases. Fix bad version comparison.
    • 1.11 - Bump to Go 1.25.1. Update all dependencies.
    • 1.12 - Reliability and security pass:
      • keepalive pings now time out (CHISEL_PING_TIMEOUT), so dead connections reconnect promptly after sleep/wake, NAT timeouts and server restarts
      • authfile reloads survive editor renames and kubernetes configmap swaps, and apply live to connected clients (new tunnels; established tunnels are not interrupted)
      • breaking: with --socks5 + --authfile, SOCKS5 access now requires an authfile entry matching socks (wildcard "" entries keep working)
      • breaking: truncated legacy MD5 fingerprints are rejected — --fingerprint must be the full SHA256 form (or the full 16-octet MD5 colon form)
      • breaking: auth strings without a colon (e.g. --auth user) are a fatal startup error instead of silently disabling authentication
      • TCP half-close is propagated through tunnels, and unreachable targets reject the tunnel instead of presenting a dead connection (CHISEL_DIAL_TIMEOUT, default 30s)
      • graceful shutdown on SIGTERM with HTTP request draining (CHISEL_SHUTDOWN_GRACE); a second signal force-exits

    Upgrading to 1.12

    Four changes may require action when upgrading from 1.11.x or earlier:

    1. SOCKS5 + --authfile (enforced since v1.11.7): users who should keep proxy access need an authfile entry matching the token socks (the wildcard "" keeps working). See Authentication. Denied requests are logged server-side as Denied connection to socks (ACL).
    2. --fingerprint: truncated legacy MD5 fingerprints are rejected. Use the full SHA256 fingerprint printed by the server and client (the full 16-octet MD5 colon form is still accepted, but deprecated).
    3. --auth values must be <user>:<pass> — strings without a colon now fail at startup instead of silently disabling authentication.
    4. Exit codes: chisel client with --max-retry-count now exits non-zero when connection attempts are exhausted; scripts checking $? and systemd Restart=on-failure units will notice.

    License

    MIT © Jaime Pillora

    Download Tool
  • UDP exit nodes no longer break or leak past 100 concurrent flows (CHISEL_UDP_MAX_CONNS)
  • inbound websocket messages are size-capped pre-auth (CHISEL_WS_READ_LIMIT)
  • server no longer panics when a client disconnects between the SSH handshake and its config request (#608)
  • client exits non-zero when --max-retry-count is exhausted; new --min-retry-interval (default 1s); socks5:// accepted for --proxy
  • go install builds report their real version; sessions and failed logins are logged at info level
  • release binaries are built with Go 1.27.0; x/crypto/ssh is updated to v0.55.0 to address GO-2026-6303
  • releases now ship ko-built, scratch-based multi-arch images with CA roots to GHCR and Docker Hub; releasing is two-stage — tagging builds a draft GitHub release plus version-tagged images, and publishing the draft promotes the Docker latest / X / X.Y tags